Monday, 6 May 2013

How fire history, fire suppression practices and climate change affect wildfire regimes in Mediterranean landscapes

In a new article published in PLOS ONE, co-authored with Canadians co-workers, Marie Josée Fortin and Andrew Fall, ECOLAND members have investigated the role of fire suppression strategies in synergy with climate change on the resulting fire regimes in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). We used a spatially-explicit fire-succession model at the landscape level to test whether the use of different fire-fighting opportunities related to observed reductions in fire spread rates and effective fire sizes, and hence changes in the fire regime.

Available data show that future changes in global change drivers may lead to an increasing impact of fires on terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, fire regime changes in highly humanised fire-prone regions are difficult to predict because fire effects may be heavily mediated by human activities We investigated the role of fire suppression strategies in synergy with climate change on the resulting fire regimes in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). We used a spatially-explicit fire-succession model at the landscape level to test whether the use of different firefighting opportunities related to observed reductions in fire spread rates and effective fire sizes, and hence changes in the fire regime.

We calibrated this model with data from a period with weak firefighting and later assess the potential for suppression strategies to modify fire regimes expected under different levels of climate change. When comparing simulations with observed fire statistics from an eleven-year period with fire-fighting strategies in place, our results showed that, at least in two of the three sub-regions analysed, the observed fire regime could not be reproduced unless taking into account the effects of fire suppression. Fire regime descriptors were highly dependent on climate change scenarios, with a general trend, under baseline scenarios without fire suppression, to large-scale increases in area burnt.

Fire suppression strategies had a strong capacity to compensate for climate change effects. However, strong active fire suppression was necessary to accomplish such compensation, while more opportunistic fire suppression strategies derived from recent fire history only had a variable, but generally weak, potential for compensation of enhanced fire impacts under climate change. The concept of fire regime in the Mediterranean is probably better interpreted as a highly dynamic process in which the main determinants of fire are rapidly modified by changes in landscape, climate and socioeconomic factors such as fire suppression strategies.

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Identifiquen els bombers com el factor determinant en el règim d’incendis forestals actual a Catalunya

El incendis forestals juguen un paper fonamental en molts ecosistemes terrestres. Malgrat aquest fet, la veritat és que no s’entén encara prou bé quins són els factors principals que determinen els incendis en regions altament humanitzades. Això fa que l’impacte dels incendis en aquestes zones sigui difícil de predir. A partir de l’anàlisi dels resultats d’un nou model d’evolució del paisatge desenvolupat per investigadors catalans i canadencs i publicats recentment a la revista PLOS ONE, s’ha pogut analitzar aquest problema des d’un nou vessant.

Aquest nou model ha estat capaç de predir la superfície cremada a Catalunya entre els anys 1990 i 2000, però no ha estat capaç de reproduir l’àrea cremada entre els anys 2000 i 2012, excepte en aquells casos en què el model, a diferència del període anterior, introduïa un increment en l‘eficiència dels bombers utilitzant oportunitats d’extinció. Aquestes oportunitats d’extinció són zones del paisatge amb característiques concretes que permeten als bombers anticipar canvis en el comportament del foc i aturar-ne la seva progressió. Només pel cas de l’incendi de Girona, el model s’ajustava a les dades observades sense la necessitat d’incorporar l’acció dels bombers de manera significativa.

Els resultats també indiquen que l’impacte històric dels incendis pot contribuir a limitar l’impacte dels nous incendis durant un temps, oferint als bombers oportunitats d’extinció fàcilment previsibles. Finalment, les projeccions derivades del model van mostrar que, si les tendències climàtiques actuals continuen, la superfície cremada en els propers 20 anys podria augmentar en més d’un 60 %. Ara bé, el paper de les estratègies d’extinció i les decisions preses en la seva implementació  són factors crítics per arribar a aquest valor o reduir-lo de manera rellevant.

Segons Lluís Brotons, investigador CTFC- CREAF, “els resultats d’aquest estudi ofereixen un marc per guiar les decisions que marcaran el futur del nostres paisatges forestals”. A més, identifiquen la importància de les estratègies d’extinció en l’impacte dels focs forestals a Catalunya i reforcen la idea que a la Mediterrània, a diferència del que passa en altres regions del món, el règim d’incendis és un concepte canviant segons el pes relatiu de factors ambientals i socials. Finalment, Lluís Brotons remarca la idea de que, fins i tot amb una alta eficiència dels sistemes d’extinció, l’acció del foc seguirà present als paisatges mediterranis i que per tant, no es pot baixar la guàrdia en un futur en el  que segur que augmentaran de manera important les situacions de risc de gran incendi forestal.

Brotons L, Aquilué N, de Cáceres M, Fortin M-J, Fall A (2013) How Fire History, Fire Suppression Practices and Climate Change Affect Wildfire Regimes in Mediterranean Landscapes. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062392

En català or click here for more info!

Wednesday, 10 April 2013

New agreement signed with the PAU COSTA Foundation on the modelling of fire risk

ECO-LAND has recently signed a collaboration agreement with the Pau Costa Foundation to strengthen research links on fire risk modelling to the operative world of fire- fighting. The collaboration will involve exchange of expertise on forest fire modelling derived from the BIONOVEL project (i.e. spatial distribution modelling, MEDFIRE) and the organisation in the near future of a common workshop on forest fire risk assessment.

The Fire Ecology and Management Foundation Pau Costa Alcubierre (FPC) was born in January 2011, after a year of preparation, and with the ambition to be an information platform on forest fire management, as well as an instrument to divulge and investigate in fire ecology. The objectives are the research in the field of forest fire ecology, the creation of knowledge, tools and techniques for the management of forest fires, and the dissemination of this knowledge to the technical world through training and dissemination instruments.

En català or click here for more info!

Monday, 25 March 2013

New article: Effects of the non-native amphibian species Discoglossus pictus on the recipient amphibian community: niche overlap, competition and community organization

A new article led by Alex Richter-Boix (Uppsala University, Sweden) and Núria Garriga (Barcelona University, Spain), with support of Dani Villero from ECOLAND, examines the effects of the non-native Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia: Discoglossidae) on amphibian assemblages from the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting that competition between native and non-native species can cause recipient communities to become less structured, and thus, more vulnerable to other impacts threatening amphibian populations at the Mediterranean basin.

Niche overlap analyses between species in regions with and without D. pictus revealed differences in the co-occurrence patterns of species, with structured communities in the non-invaded area and random non-structured communities in the invaded area. One possible cause of the alteration of species co-occurrence patterns in the recipient community on a regional scale are competitive interactions in larval communities at breeding sites. Laboratory assessments on competition consequences with D. pictus tadpoles supported that hypothesis, showing significant negative interactions with the two most commonly overlapped species, Bufo calamita and Pelodytes punctatus, which reduced survival, body mass, activity and consumption rate, and delayed metamorphosis.

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Un nou treball, liderat per Alex Richter-Boix (Uppsala University, Sweden) i Núria Garriga (Universitat de Barcelona), i amb el suport de Dani Villero d’ECOLAND, examina els efectes de l’espècie introduïda Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia: Discoglossidae) en les comunitats d’amfibis del nord-est de la Península Ibèrica, suggerint que la competència amb altres espècies pot provocar la desestructuració de les comunitats autòctones d’amfibis i, per tant, més vulnerables als impactes que amenacen les poblacions d’amfibis a la conca Mediterrània.

L’anàlisi de solapament del nínxol entre espècies en regions amb o sense D. pictus va posar de manifest diferències en els patrons de co-occurrència de les espècies, amb comunitats d’amfibis desestructurades en àrees envaïdes per D. pictus i comunitats ben estructurades en àrees on l’espècie encara no ha arribat. Una possible causa de l’alteració d’aquests patrons de co-occurrència en les comunitats receptores a escala regional és la competència en les comunitats de larves en els llocs de reproducció. Els assajos de laboratori per avaluar les conseqüències de la competència amb larves de D. pictus van donar suport a aquesta hipòtesi, mostrant interaccions negatives significatives amb les espècies que mostren major solapament de nínxol, Bufo calamita i Pelodytes punctatus, amb la reducció de la supervivència, massa corporal, activitat i taxes de consum, i el retard de la metamorfosi.

Richter-Boix, A., Garriga, N., Montori, A., Franch, M., San Sebastián, O., Villero, D. & Llorente, G.A. (2013).Effects of the non-native amphibian species Discoglossus pictus on the recipient amphibian community: niche overlap, competition and community organization. Biol. Invasions (2013) 15:799–815 DOI 10.1007/s10530-012-0328-4.

En català or click here for more info!

Saturday, 23 March 2013

ATLAS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES IN THE “PARQUE NATURAL DE BAIXA LIMIA”

clip_image002Members of the ECOLAND group have participated in the elaboration of a new atlas of breeding terrestrial vertebrates of Natural Park Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés and Baixa Limia in collaboration with University of Santiago de Compostela and Sorex Ecologia. This book was founded by CBC PROGRAMME SPAIN-PORTUGAL 2007-2013 (POCTEP).

This area is included in the Gerês-Xurés Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Galicia). It is representative of an abandoned mountain landscape of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. Climate is temperate oceanic sub-Mediterranean; fauna and flora are represented by typical species of Eurosiberian and Mediterranean region. Specifically, 189 species of vertebrates were recorded during the spring of 2010 (11 species of amphibians, 16 reptiles, 111 birds and 51 of mammals), representing 69.3% of breeding terrestrial vertebrate species in Galicia.

Domínguez, J.; Lamosa, A.; Pardavila, X.; Martínez-Freiría, F.; Regos, A.; Gil, A. & Vidal, M. 2012. Atlas de los vertebrados terrestres reproductores en el Parque Natural Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés y ZEPVN Baixa Limia. Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Territorio e Infraestructuras, Xunta de Galicia, 434 pp.

En català or click here for more info!

Monday, 11 March 2013

Landsat 8 launching event: remote sensing applications to biodiversity research

Ecoland members were invited to the Landsat 8 launching event held in Barcelona by the GRUMETS research group. Magda Pla and Núria Aquilué attended the event and presented some of the applications based on remote sensing data that the group have been using in Biodiversity based research

En català or click here for more info!

Sunday, 20 January 2013

IPBES-1: Intergovernmental platform for biodiversity and ecosystem services

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Ecol-Land is attending the first plenary meeting (19th-26th January) of the IPBES (Intergovernmental platform for biodiversity and ecosystem services). Lluís Brotons is representing as delegate, environmental research from Catalan CERCA institutions CREAF and CTFC. Research conducted in this centres has the potential to contribute to the assessments that IPBES will promote to guide policy making in this in the future.

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En català or click here for more info!

Friday, 28 December 2012

BON NADAL I EL MILLOR PEL 2013!

En català or click here for more info!

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